Links are the defining feature of the web because they allow you to move from one web page to another
< a href=”site link”>name</ a>
types of links: 1-Linking to Other Sites 2- Linking to Other Pages on the Same Site
Relative URLs Type 1-Parent Folder 2- Child Folder 3-Grandchild Folder
Email Links the value of the href attribute starts with mailto: and is followed by the email address you want the email to be sent to
< a href=”@example.org”>Email < /a>
Opening Links in a New Window
< a href=”site name” target=”_blank” >
Block
Building Blocks :
CSS treats each HTML element as if it is in its own box. This box will either be a block-level box or an inline box
Containing Elements :
If one block-level element sits inside another block-level element then the outer box is known as the containing or parent element.
Controlling the Position of Elements
Normal Flow
position:static
In normal flow, each block-level element sits on top of the next one. Since this is the default way in which browsers treat HTML elements, you do not need a CSS property to indicate that elements should appear in normal flow,
Relative Positioning
position:relative
Relative positioning moves an element in relation to where it would have been in normal flow
You then use the offset properties (top or bottom and left or right) to indicate how far to move the element from where it would have been in normal flow.
Absolute positioning
position:absolute
When the position property is given a value of absolute, the box is taken out of normal flow and no longer affects the position of other elements on the page
The box offset properties (top or bottom and left or right) specify where the element should appear in relation to its containing element.
Fixed positioning
position:Fixed
Fixed positioning is a type of absolute positioning that requires the position property to have a value of fixed.
It positions the element in relation to the browser window. Therefore, when a user scrolls down the page, it stays in the exact same place. It is a good idea to try this example in your browser to see the effect.
Overlapping Elements
z-index
When you use relative, fixed, or absolute positioning, boxes can overlap. If boxes do overlap, the elements that appear later in the HTML code sit on top of those that are earlier in the page. If you want to control which element sits on top, you can use the z-index property. Its value is a number, and the higher the number the closer that element is to the front. For example, an element with a z-index of 10 will appear over the top of one with a z-index of 5.
Floating Elements
The float property allows you to take an element in normal flow and place it as far to the left or right of the containing element as possible. Anything else that sits inside the containing element will flow around the element that is floated.
Clearing Floating The clear property allows you to say that no element (within the same containing element) should touch the left or righthand sides of a box.
If a containing element only contains floated elements, some browsers will treat it as if it is zero pixels tall.
Page Sizes
Because screen sizes and display resolutions vary so much, web designers often try to create pages of around 960-1000 pixels wide (since most users will be able to see designs this wide on their screens).
1- Fixed Width Layouts
Fixed width layout designs do not change size as the user increases or decreases the size of their browser window. Measurements tend to be given in pixels.
2- Liquid Layouts
Liquid layout designs stretch and contract as the user increases or decreases the size of their browser window. They tend to use percentages
Functions let you group a series of statements together to perform a specific task. If different parts of a script repeat the same task, you can reuse the function (rather than repeating the same set of st atements).
Example function myFunction(p1, p2) { return p1 * p2;
} // The function returns the product of p1 and p2
Function Invocation
When an event occurs (when a user clicks a button) When it is invoked (called) from JavaScript code Automatically (self invoked)
Function Return When JavaScript reaches a return statement, the function will stop executing.
Functions Used as Variable Values Functions can be used the same way as you use variables, in all types of formulas, assignments, and calculations
Function declarations
A function definition (also called a function declaration, or function statement) consists of the function keyword, followed by:
The name of the function. A list of parameters to the function, enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas. The JavaScript statements that define the function, enclosed in curly brackets, {…}.
VARIABLE SCOPE
The location where you declare a variable will affect where it can be used within your code. If you declare it within a function, it can only be used within that function. This is known as the variable’s scope
1- LOCAL VARIABLES
When a variable is created inside a function using the var keyword, it can only be used in that function. It is called a local variable or function-level variable. It is said to have local scope or function-level scope. It cannot be accessed outside of the function in which it was declared
2- GLOBAL VARIABLES
If you create a variable outside of a function, then it can be used anywhere within the script. It is called a global variable and has global scope.
HOW MEMORY & VARIABLES WORK
Global variables use more memory. The browser has to remember them for as long as the web page using them is loaded. Local variables are only remembered during the period of time that a function is being executed
While learning to code, developers likely study several programming languages. Similar to a foreign language class, there are four fundamental skills that help anyone learn a new language: Listening: hearing and interpreting the vocabulary Speaking: using the correct words to communicate an idea Reading: understanding what written language intends to convey Writing: producing from scratch a meaningful
1- Greater efficiency
It is a common misconception that pair programming takes a lot longer and is less efficient. In reality, when two people focus on the same code base, it is easier to catch mistakes in the making.
2- Engaged collaboration
When two programmers focus on the same code, the experience is more engaging and both programmers are more focused than if they were working alone. It is harder to procrastinate or get off track when someone else is relying on you to complete the work.
3- Learning from fellow students
Everyone has a different approach to problem solving; working with a teammate can expose developers to techniques they otherwise would not have thought of.
4- Social skills
Pair programming is great for improving social skills. When working with someone who has a different coding style, communication is key. This can become more difficult when two programmers have different personalities. Pair programming not only improves programming skills, but can also help programmers develop their interpersonal skills.
5- Job interview readiness
A common step in many interview processes involves pair programming between a current employee and an applicant, either in person or through a shared screen. They will carry out exercises together, such as code challenges, building a project or feature, or debugging an existing code base. By doing so, companies can get a better feel for how an applicant will fit into the team and their collaboration style.
6- Work environment readiness
Many companies that utilize pair programing expect to train fresh hires from CS-degree programs on how they operate to actually deliver a product. Code Fellows graduates who are already familiar with how pairing works can hit the ground running at a new job, with one less hurdle to overcome.