reading-notes
Text tag in html
HTML elements are used to describe the structure of the page :
1- Headings
2- Paragraphs
3- Bold & Italic
4- Superscript & Subscrip
White Space When the browser comes across two or more spaces next to each other, it only displays one space. Similarly if it comes across a line break, it treats that as a single space too. This is known as white space collapsing.
Semantic Markup
its text elements that are not intended to affect the structure of your web pages, but they do add extra information to the pages like :
1- Quotations
2- Strong & Emphasis
3- Abbreviations & Acronyms
4- Author Details
5- Changes to Content
CSS
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for specifying how documents are presented to users, It is used to build web pages along with HTML. It has the advantage of adding features and properties to the structure of web pages, such as the colors, fonts, and styles that a web page takes.
Three Ways to Insert CSS
External CSS (preferred) Internal CSS Inline CSS+
CSS Selectors
There are many different types of CSS selector that allow you to target rules to specific elements in an HTML document, for exp : 1- Class Selector 2- Universal Selector 3- ID Selector
and there are other types, you will find all types with an explanation by reference
References - page 238
How Css Rules Cascade
1- LAST RULE : If the two selectors are identical, the latter of the two will take precedence
2- SPECIFICITY : If one selector is more specific than the others, the more specific rule will take precedence over more general ones
3- IMPORTANT : You can add important after any property value to indicate that it should be considered more important than other rules that apply to the same element.
JavaScript
STATEMENTS
A script is a series of instructions that a computer can follow one-by-one. Each individual instruction or step is known as a statement.
JAVASCRIPT IS CASE SENSITIVE JavaScript is case sensitive so hourNow means something different to HourNow or HOURNOW.
COMMENTS
comments to explain what your code does. They help make your code easier to read and understand.
variables
A script will have to temporarily store the bits of information it needs to do its job. It can store this data in variables.
DATA TYPES
JavaScript distinguishes between numbers, strings, and true or false values known as Booleans.
ARRAYS
An array is a special type of variable. It doesn’t just store one value; it stores a list of values.
var colors;
colors [‘white’, ‘black’, ‘ custom’];
OPERATORS
Expressions rely on things called operators; they allow programmers to create a single value from one or more values.
COMPARISON OPERATORS Compare two values and return true or false
buy = 3 > 5; The value of buy is false.
STRING OPERATORS
greeting= ‘Hi 1 + ‘Molly’;
Decision and looping
DECISIONS
A programming language uses control statements to control the flow of execution of program based on certain conditions. These are used to cause the flow of execution to advance and branch based on changes to the state of a program.
if
if: if statement is the most simple decision making statement. It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not
if(condition)
// Statements to execute if // condition is true
if-else
Here, a user can decide among multiple options.The if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement will be executed.
if (condition) statement; else if (condition) statement; . . else statement;